Robust GPS/GNSS receivers have proven to work under simulated Ligado interference

      Since its approval in April 2020, Ligado Networks has stirred up controversy and a wave of concern which has echoed through the United States Congress, the Department of Defense and many commercial market segments that are dependent on GPS for high accuracy positioning and timing applications. Meanwhile, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has stood by their decision that Ligado is safe enough for GPS receivers to continue operating reliably. Where then lies the truth, and can you count on GPS to keep delivering accurate and reliable Positioning, Navigation and Time (PNT)?

GPS receivers, robust to interference

      Not all GPS/GNSS* receivers are made equal. Selected industrial GPS receivers with sophisticated built-in technology have already proven to be resilient to various kinds of radio interference. Such receivers have been shown to be robust enough to work reliably in conjunction with Ligado. But what actually is Ligado and why is it a concern for those using GPS/GNSS* positioning technology? Ligado Networks is a telecom company which has been granted the right to transmit signals at a frequency close to that of the GPS signals. The concern is that Ligado signals might “drown out” GPS signals, making it very difficult for an unprepared or legacy GPS receiver to calculate accurate positioning. This stems from the fact that GPS signals are broadcast from space and are quite weak by the time they reach the Earth. While Ligado is planning to create a 5G telecom network, broadcasting from a terrestrial source. A GPS receiver is then faced with a challenge of discerning the “quiet” GPS signals from the “l(fā)oud” Ligado.  

RF interference: Like talking in an overcrowded room

      With Ligado in operation, we can compare GPS signals to a quiet person trying to talk to you at a loud concert. The loud noises nearby are interfering with the quiet whispers of your friend who is trying to tell you something. GPS receivers which have a sophisticated filtering system can discern the useful GPS frequency from the “noises” at nearby frequencies. Advanced Interference Mitigation technology such as Septentrio AIM+ has proven to be an industry benchmark in mitigating the widest variety of interferers ranging from simple narrowband signals to the most complex wideband and pulse jammers. The graph below shows the quality, also know as the signal-to-noise ratio, of the received GPS L1 signal at various distances from a source of interference. During this test the Septentrio mosaic-X5 receiver is being compared to a competitor GPS receiver. The lack of points on the graph indicates loss of signal tracking, which directly affects RTK high-accuracy positioning.  

      As the graph demonstrates, AIM+ technology makes it possible to receive GPS reliably even at very close distances to sources of interference. The mosaic-X5 can operate 25 times closer to a source of interference or a jammer, than the competitor’s GNSS receiver.

      In another test, receiver signal quality was measured during strong interference at various frequencies around the Ligado and GPS frequency bands. The graph below shows received signal quality of mosaic-X5 and a competitor’s GNSS module. Similar to the previous graph, the lack of points indicates loss of signal, affecting RTK positioning.